Experimental investigation of characteristics of instability evolution in a centrifugal compressor

The stable range of operation for the centrifugal compressor significantly influences the dynamic, economic, and environment-friendly characteristics of power systems. A deep understanding of the characteristics of instability evolution is necessary to improve the compressor stability. A centrifugal compressor equipped with a vaneless diffuser is experimentally investigated using highresponse static-pressure measurements. The results obtained indicate that three typical rotationalspeed ranges ex...     

Leakage and wear characteristics of carbon seals for aero-engines

Experimental investigation has been performed to study the leakage and wear characteristics of carbon seal working at high circumferential speed. To expand the scope of application, two newly designed carbon seals were compared: #1 Carbon Seal (CS1) with the inner diameter of 136 mm and including 4 segments, #2 Carbon Seal (CS2) with the inner diameter of 212 mm and including 6 segments. Air leakage tests were firstly conducted in the Medium-speed Seal Test Rig. The pressure ratio changed from 1.04 to 2.02 with the rotating speed varying from 0 to 18300 r/min. Of paramount concern was the durability test, including 300 h running time accumulated by three different working conditions, which was separately implemented on each carbon seal. The morphology variation of the friction surface, wear and leakage were recorded. Results indicated that the leakage monotonously increases with the pressure ratio and decreases with the rotating speed. Comparing with CS1, more typical features exist on the friction surface of CS2, which are generated by more severe wear. Continually, leakage characteristics deteriorate. Furthermore, fitted formula has been educed for the life prediction of carbon seal, which could provide some supports for aero-engine design.     

旋转爆轰波与涡轮平面叶栅相互作用数值模拟

由于旋转爆轰燃烧室具有自增压特性，可提高热力循环效率，因此将旋转爆轰燃烧室应用于燃气轮机可进一步提高系统的性能。基于非稳态雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方法，采用剪切应力输运k-ω湍流模型，建立旋转爆轰燃烧室与涡轮平面叶栅耦合计算模型，研究旋转爆轰燃烧室内的复杂波系与涡轮叶片的相互作用，分析涡轮叶栅对高频爆轰压力振荡的抑制作用。结果表明：旋转爆轰燃烧室内的燃气在涡轮叶栅内加速，并且在斜激波后的局部区域马赫数的增加更为明显。斜激波与涡轮静转子叶片的前缘、压力面、吸力面以及尾缘相互作用，由于旋转爆轰波不同的传播方向，使得斜激波与静子叶片呈相互垂直或平行，进而形成两种不同的波系结构。涡轮叶栅对高频压力振荡存在明显的抑制作用，涡轮叶栅上下游高频压力振荡幅值的衰减率达到80%以上。研究结果展示了旋转爆轰波作用下涡轮叶栅内复杂波系结构特征，并对基于爆轰燃烧推进技术的应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

Electrochemical behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy under rotating condition with periodically fluctuating current density

Titanium alloy plays a crucial role in the electrochemical field due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The passivation and dissolution behaviors of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V（TA15） alloy in Na Cl solution were studied by simulating the electrochemical machining process in a rotating condition, which made the anode in a state with alternating high and low current density. Electron probe micro analysis, ultra-depth microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were u...     

连续旋转爆震波与涡轮静子叶栅相互作用数值研究

为了研究旋转爆震燃烧与涡轮部件组合的工作特性，对旋转爆震波与涡轮静子叶栅的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟，考虑了不同传播方向的影响，详细分析了爆震波与涡轮叶栅相互作用机理。结果表明，爆震波顺着叶盆方向传播时，在叶栅的叶盆处出现高温区，逆向传播时，同时在叶盆和叶背处都出现高温区；并且顺向传播时产生的反射波强度更大。分析了涡轮进出口压力和温度的变化过程，发现涡轮对压力的波动有一定抑制作用，顺向和逆向传播的爆震波经过涡轮叶栅后压力变化幅值分别下降了68%和57%。得到了对于当前叶栅构型，顺向传播的爆震波总压损失为11.03%，而逆向传播的爆震波总压损失为6.7%。     

液体火箭发动机汽蚀建模与低入口压力起动过程仿真

针对液体火箭发动机氧化剂泵的汽蚀过程，使用入口NPSH（net positive suction head）代替入口压力作为汽蚀发生的判据和入口质量流量的计算方法，并通过模型与试验结果的对比发现以扬程下降1.25%作为断裂汽蚀发生点的模型具有良好的精度。后续开展发动机低于额定入口压力的起动仿真，结果表明：62%及以上额定压力能够正常起动；45%及以下额定压力起动失败，原因是燃气发生器温度过高。主要存在0.4~0.6 s，0.4~0.85 s和0.4~1.2 s三个时间段的严重汽蚀，分别对应氧主阀打开、主涡轮转速的快速爬升和燃气发生器参数波动。氧化剂主泵汽蚀主要影响燃气发生器和推力室，次要影响燃料供应路组件，轻微影响主涡轮。     

Design and optimization of supersonic turbines for detonation combustors

Detonation-based engines offer a potential surge in efficiency for compact thermal power systems. However, these cycles require ad-hoc components adapted to the high outlet velocity from the detonation combustors. This paper presents the design methodology of turbine stages suitable for supersonic inlet conditions and provides a detailed analysis of optimized turbine geometries. A reduced-order solver examines the supersonic blade rows’ functional design space, quantifies the turbine’s non-isentropic performance, and budgets the turbine loss for different optimized leading-edge designs and chord to pitch ratios. The shock-wave interactions were identified as the predominant contributor to turbine losses, and optimal pitch-chord ratios were determined for various inlet Mach numbers. Finally, with this tool, the specific-power output for a wide range of design configurations was computed; and the metal angle that ensures flow starting and maximizes power extraction was calculated. The detailed numerical study describes the flow interactions in a supersonic turbine and offers new correlations to guide the design of future supersonic turbines.